On the other hand, drugs with intrinsic sympathetic activity (ISA), such as pindolol or acebutolol, may be less likely to impair myocardial function [ 1 ]
Monitor signs of peripheral vasoconstriction, such as extreme coldness in the hands and feet, cyanosis, and muscle cramping
bisoprolol and metoprolol succinate, are less likely to cause fatigue and cold extremities than non-selective beta-blockers
Whether pindolol, propranolol, sotalol and β-adrenoceptor blockers
It was not long before several other cardiovascular as well as noncardiovascular therapeutic uses of propranolol were discovered
Beta-blockers, as a class of drugs, are primarily used to treat cardiovascular diseases and other conditions
These side effects may be mitigated via the selection of agents with beta1-selectivity
Similar results were seen during atrial pacing at a constant heart rate of 130 beats/minute
wave from peripheral sites, as well as by height, sex, heart rate, posture, arterial tapering, and the degree of peripheral vasoconstriction
In healthy subjects the increase in heart rate occurs in the absence of peripheral vasoconstriction
Peripheral vasoconstriction (reduced blood flow to the extremities, such as fingers and toes, making them feel cold and turn a blue colour)
Insomnia Lassitude Memory loss Mood changes Muscular fatigue Myasthenia gravis-like syndrome Nausea Nightmares Paraesthesia Peripheral vasoconstriction Postural hypotension
Blocking only the peripheral dilator (beta) action of epinephrine with propranolol leaves its constrictor (alpha) action unopposed
Their main positive effects are a decrease in heart rate, decrease in cardiac contractility, and an increase in diastolic filling time, which results in a decrease in myocardial oxygen